如何在 Microsoft Visual C# .NET 中实现 Microsoft Excel 自动化

通过自动化过程,使用诸如 Visual C# .NET 这样的语言编写的应用程序就可以用编程方式来控制其他应用程序。利用 Excel 的自动化功能,您可以执行诸如新建工作簿、向工作簿添加数据或创建图表等操作。对于 Excel 和其他 Microsoft Office 应用程序,几乎所有可以通过用户界面手动执行的操作也都可以通过使用“自动化”功能以编程方式来执行。

Excel 通过一种对象模型来公开这一程序功能。该对象模型是一些类和方法的集合,这些类和方法充当 Excel 的逻辑组件。例如,有 Application 对象、Workbook 对象和 Worksheet 对象,其中每一种对象都包含 Excel 中那些组件的功能。要从 Visual C# .NET 访问该对象模型,可以设置对类型库的项目引用。

本文将阐述如何为 Visual C# .NET 设置对 Excel 类型库的适当项目引用,并提供使 Excel 自动运行的代码示例。

为 Microsoft Excel 创建自动化客户端

    1. 启动 Microsoft Visual Studio .NET。
    2. 文件菜单上,单击新建,然后单击项目。从 Visual C# 项目类型中选择 Windows 应用程序。Form1 是默认创建的窗体。
    3. 添加对 Microsoft Excel 对象库的引用。为此,请按照下列步骤操作:
      1. 项目菜单上,单击添加引用
      2. 在 COM 选项卡上,找到 Microsoft Excel 对象库,然后单击选择

        注意:Microsoft Office 2003 包含主 Interop 程序集 (PIA)。Microsoft Office XP 不包含 PIA,但您可以下载 PIA。 有关 Office XP PIA 的更多信息,请单击下面的文章编号,以查看 Microsoft 知识库中相应的文章:
        328912 Microsoft Office XP 主 interop 程序集 (PIA) 可供下载
      3. 添加引用对话框中单击确定以接受您的选择。如果系统提示您为选定的库生成包装,请单击
    4. 视图菜单上,选择工具箱以显示工具箱,然后向 Form1 添加一个按钮。
    5. 双击 Button1。出现该窗体的代码窗口。
    6. 在代码窗口中,将以下代码
      1 private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
      2 {
      3 }

      替换为

        1 private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
        2 {
        3     Excel.Application oXL;
        4     Excel._Workbook oWB;
        5     Excel._Worksheet oSheet;
        6     Excel.Range oRng;
        7 
        8     try
        9     {
       10         //Start Excel and get Application object.
       11         oXL = new Excel.Application();
       12         oXL.Visible = true;
       13 
       14         //Get a new workbook.
       15         oWB = (Excel._Workbook)(oXL.Workbooks.Add( Missing.Value ));
       16         oSheet = (Excel._Worksheet)oWB.ActiveSheet;
       17 
       18         //Add table headers going cell by cell.
       19         oSheet.Cells[1, 1] = "First Name";
       20         oSheet.Cells[1, 2] = "Last Name";
       21         oSheet.Cells[1, 3] = "Full Name";
       22         oSheet.Cells[1, 4] = "Salary";
       23 
       24         //Format A1:D1 as bold, vertical alignment = center.
       25         oSheet.get_Range("A1", "D1").Font.Bold = true;
       26         oSheet.get_Range("A1", "D1").VerticalAlignment = 
       27             Excel.XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;
       28         
       29         // Create an array to multiple values at once.
       30         string[,] saNames = new string[5,2];
       31         
       32         saNames[ 0, 0] = "John";
       33         saNames[ 0, 1] = "Smith";
       34         saNames[ 1, 0] = "Tom";
       35         saNames[ 1, 1] = "Brown";
       36         saNames[ 2, 0] = "Sue";
       37         saNames[ 2, 1] = "Thomas";
       38         saNames[ 3, 0] = "Jane";
       39         saNames[ 3, 1] = "Jones";
       40         saNames[ 4, 0] = "Adam";
       41         saNames[ 4, 1] = "Johnson";
       42 
       43             //Fill A2:B6 with an array of values (First and Last Names).
       44             oSheet.get_Range("A2", "B6").Value2 = saNames;
       45 
       46         //Fill C2:C6 with a relative formula (=A2 & " " & B2).
       47         oRng = oSheet.get_Range("C2", "C6");
       48         oRng.Formula = "=A2 & \" \" & B2";
       49 
       50         //Fill D2:D6 with a formula(=RAND()*100000) and apply format.
       51         oRng = oSheet.get_Range("D2", "D6");
       52         oRng.Formula = "=RAND()*100000";
       53         oRng.NumberFormat = "$0.00";
       54 
       55         //AutoFit columns A:D.
       56         oRng = oSheet.get_Range("A1", "D1");
       57         oRng.EntireColumn.AutoFit();
       58 
       59         //Manipulate a variable number of columns for Quarterly Sales Data.
       60         DisplayQuarterlySales(oSheet);
       61 
       62         //Make sure Excel is visible and give the user control
       63         //of Microsoft Excel‘s lifetime.
       64         oXL.Visible = true;
       65         oXL.UserControl = true;
       66     }
       67     catch( Exception theException ) 
       68     {
       69         String errorMessage;
       70         errorMessage = "Error: ";
       71         errorMessage = String.Concat( errorMessage, theException.Message );
       72         errorMessage = String.Concat( errorMessage, " Line: " );
       73         errorMessage = String.Concat( errorMessage, theException.Source );
       74 
       75         MessageBox.Show( errorMessage, "Error" );
       76     }
       77 }
       78 
       79 private void DisplayQuarterlySales(Excel._Worksheet oWS)
       80 {
       81     Excel._Workbook oWB;
       82     Excel.Series oSeries;
       83     Excel.Range oResizeRange;
       84     Excel._Chart oChart;
       85     String sMsg;
       86     int iNumQtrs;
       87 
       88     //Determine how many quarters to display data for.
       89     for( iNumQtrs = 4; iNumQtrs >= 2; iNumQtrs--)
       90     {
       91         sMsg = "Enter sales data for ";
       92         sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, iNumQtrs );
       93         sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, " quarter(s)?");
       94 
       95         DialogResult iRet = MessageBox.Show( sMsg, "Quarterly Sales?", 
       96             MessageBoxButtons.YesNo );
       97         if (iRet == DialogResult.Yes)
       98             break;
       99     }
      100 
      101     sMsg = "Displaying data for ";
      102     sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, iNumQtrs );
      103     sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, " quarter(s)." );
      104 
      105     MessageBox.Show( sMsg, "Quarterly Sales" );
      106 
      107     //Starting at E1, fill headers for the number of columns selected.
      108     oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E1", "E1").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
      109     oResizeRange.Formula = "=\"Q\" & COLUMN()-4 & CHAR(10) & \"Sales\"";
      110 
      111     //Change the Orientation and WrapText properties for the headers.
      112     oResizeRange.Orientation = 38;
      113     oResizeRange.WrapText = true;
      114 
      115     //Fill the interior color of the headers.
      116     oResizeRange.Interior.ColorIndex = 36;
      117 
      118     //Fill the columns with a formula and apply a number format.
      119     oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E2", "E6").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
      120     oResizeRange.Formula = "=RAND()*100";
      121     oResizeRange.NumberFormat = "$0.00";
      122 
      123     //Apply borders to the Sales data and headers.
      124     oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E1", "E6").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
      125     oResizeRange.Borders.Weight = Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThin;
      126 
      127     //Add a Totals formula for the sales data and apply a border.
      128     oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E8", "E8").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
      129     oResizeRange.Formula = "=SUM(E2:E6)";
      130     oResizeRange.Borders.get_Item( Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeBottom ).LineStyle 
      131         = Excel.XlLineStyle.xlDouble;
      132     oResizeRange.Borders.get_Item( Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeBottom ).Weight 
      133         = Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThick;
      134 
      135     //Add a Chart for the selected data.
      136     oWB = (Excel._Workbook)oWS.Parent;
      137     oChart = (Excel._Chart)oWB.Charts.Add( Missing.Value, Missing.Value, 
      138         Missing.Value, Missing.Value );
      139 
      140     //Use the ChartWizard to create a new chart from the selected data.
      141     oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E2:E6", Missing.Value ).get_Resize( 
      142         Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
      143     oChart.ChartWizard( oResizeRange, Excel.XlChartType.xl3DColumn, Missing.Value,
      144         Excel.XlRowCol.xlColumns, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, 
      145         Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value );
      146     oSeries = (Excel.Series)oChart.SeriesCollection(1);
      147     oSeries.XValues = oWS.get_Range("A2", "A6");
      148     for( int iRet = 1; iRet <= iNumQtrs; iRet++)
      149     {
      150         oSeries = (Excel.Series)oChart.SeriesCollection(iRet);
      151         String seriesName;
      152         seriesName = "=\"Q";
      153         seriesName = String.Concat( seriesName, iRet );
      154         seriesName = String.Concat( seriesName, "\"" );
      155         oSeries.Name = seriesName;
      156     }                                                          
      157     
      158     oChart.Location( Excel.XlChartLocation.xlLocationAsObject, oWS.Name );
      159 
      160     //Move the chart so as not to cover your data.
      161     oResizeRange = (Excel.Range)oWS.Rows.get_Item(10, Missing.Value );
      162     oWS.Shapes.Item("Chart 1").Top = (float)(double)oResizeRange.Top;
      163     oResizeRange = (Excel.Range)oWS.Columns.get_Item(2, Missing.Value );
      164     oWS.Shapes.Item("Chart 1").Left = (float)(double)oResizeRange.Left;
      165 }
      166                     

      滚动到代码窗口的顶部。将下面的代码行添加到 using 指令列表的末尾:

      1 using Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;
      2 using System.Reflection; 

      对自动化客户端进行测试

      1. 按 F5 生成并运行该程序。
      2. 在窗体上,单击 Button1。该程序将启动 Excel 并将数据填充到一个新的工作表中。
      3. 在提示您输入季度销售数据时,单击。一个链接到季度数据的图表就会被添加到工作表中。

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如何在 Microsoft Visual C# .NET 中实现 Microsoft Excel 自动化

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