【MangoDB分片】配置mongodb分片群集(sharding cluster)

配置mongodb分片群集(sharding cluster)

Sharding cluster介绍

这是一种可以水平扩展的模式,在数据量很大时特给力,实际大规模应用一般会采用这种架构去构建monodb系统。

要构建一个 MongoDB Sharding Cluster,需要三种角色:

Shard Server: mongod 实例,用于存储实际的数据块,实际生产环境中一个shard server角色可由几台机器组个一个relica set承担,防止主机单点故障

Config Server: mongod 实例,存储了整个 Cluster Metadata,其中包括 chunk 信息。

Route Server: mongos 实例,前端路由,客户端由此接入,且让整个集群看上去像单一数据库,前端应用可以透明使用。

Sharding架构图:

【MangoDB分片】配置mongodb分片群集(sharding cluster)

本例实际环境架构

本例架构示例图:

【MangoDB分片】配置mongodb分片群集(sharding cluster)

  1. 分别在3台机器运行一个mongod实例(称为mongod shard11,mongod shard12,mongod shard13)组织replica set1,作为cluster的shard1
  2. 分别在3台机器运行一个mongod实例(称为mongod shard21,mongod shard22,mongod shard23)组织replica set2,作为cluster的shard2
  3. 每台机器运行一个mongod实例,作为3个config server
  4. 每台机器运行一个mongs进程,用于客户端连接
主机  IP 端口信息
Server1 10.1.1.1 mongod shard11:27017
mongod shard12:27018
mongod config1:20000
mongs1:30000
Server2 10.1.1.2 mongod shard12:27017
mongod shard22:27018
mongod config2:20000
mongs2:30000
Server3 10.1.1.3 mongod shard13:27017
mongod shard23:27018
mongod config3:20000
mongs3:30000

软件准备

软件准备
1. 创建用户
groupadd -g 20001 mongodb
useradd -u 20001 -g mongodb mongodb
passwd mongodb

2. 安装monodb软件
su – mongodb
tar zxvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-1.6.2.tar
安装好后,目录结构如下:
$ tree mongodb-linux-x86_64-1.6.2
mongodb-linux-x86_64-1.6.2
|– GNU-AGPL-3.0
|– README
|– THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES
`– bin
    |– bsondump
    |– mongo
    |– mongod
    |– mongodump
    |– mongoexport
    |– mongofiles
    |– mongoimport
    |– mongorestore
    |– mongos
    |– mongosniff
    `– mongostat
1 directory, 14 files

3. 创建数据目录
根据本例sharding架构图所示,在各台sever上创建shard数据文件目录
Server1:
su – monodb
cd /home/monodb
mkdir -p data/shard11
mkdir -p data/shard21
Server2:
su – monodb
cd /home/monodb
mkdir -p data/shard11
mkdir -p data/shard22
Server3:
su – monodb
cd /home/monodb
mkdir -p data/shard13
mkdir -p data/shard23

配置relica sets

1. 配置shard1所用到的replica sets:
Server1:
cd /home/mongodb/mongodb-linux-x86_64-1.6.2/bin
./mongod
–shardsvr –replSet shard1 –port 27017 –dbpath
/home/mongodb/data/shard11 –oplogSize 100 –logpath
/home/mongodb/data/shard11.log –logappend –fork

Server2:
cd /home/mongodb/mongodb-linux-x86_64-1.6.2/bin
./mongod
–shardsvr –replSet shard1 –port 27017 –dbpath
/home/mongodb/data/shard12 –oplogSize 100 –logpath
/home/mongodb/data/shard12.log –logappend –fork

Server3:
cd /home/mongodb/mongodb-linux-x86_64-1.6.2/bin
./mongod
–shardsvr –replSet shard1 –port 27017 –dbpath
/home/mongodb/data/shard13 –oplogSize 100 –logpath
/home/mongodb/data/shard13.log –logappend –fork

初始化replica set
用mongo连接其中一个mongod,执行:
> config = {_id: ‘shard1′, members: [
                          {_id: 0, host: '10.1.1.1:27017'},
                          {_id: 1, host: '10.1.1.2:27017'},
                          {_id: 2, host: '10.1.1.3:27017'}]
           }

> rs.initiate(config);

同样方法,配置shard2用到的replica sets:
server1:
cd /home/mongodb/mongodb-linux-x86_64-1.6.2/bin
./mongod
–shardsvr –replSet shard2 –port 27018 –dbpath
/home/mongodb/data/shard21 –oplogSize 100 –logpath
/home/mongodb/data/shard21.log –logappend –fork

server2:
cd /home/mongodb/mongodb-linux-x86_64-1.6.2/bin
./mongod
–shardsvr –replSet shard2 –port 27018 –dbpath
/home/mongodb/data/shard22 –oplogSize 100 –logpath
/home/mongodb/data/shard22.log –logappend –fork

server3:
cd /home/mongodb/mongodb-linux-x86_64-1.6.2/bin
./mongod
–shardsvr –replSet shard2 –port 27018 –dbpath
/home/mongodb/data/shard23 –oplogSize 100 –logpath
/home/mongodb/data/shard23.log –logappend –fork

初始化replica set
用mongo连接其中一个mongod,执行:
> config = {_id: ‘shard2′, members: [
                          {_id: 0, host: '10.1.1.1:27018'},
                          {_id: 1, host: '10.1.1.2:27018'},
                          {_id: 2, host: '10.1.1.3:27018'}]
           }

> rs.initiate(config);

到此就配置好了二个replica sets,也就是准备好了二个shards

配置三台config server

Server1:
mkdir -p /home/mongodb/data/config
./mongod
–configsvr –dbpath /home/mongodb/data/config –port 20000 –logpath
/home/mongodb/data/config.log –logappend –fork   #config server也需要dbpath
 
Server2:
mkdir -p /home/mongodb/data/config
./mongod –configsvr –dbpath /home/mongodb/data/config –port 20000 –logpath /home/mongodb/data/config.log –logappend –fork

Server3:
mkdir -p /home/mongodb/data/config
./mongod –configsvr –dbpath /home/mongodb/data/config –port 20000 –logpath /home/mongodb/data/config.log –logappend –fork

配置mongs

在server1,server2,server3上分别执行:
./mongos
–configdb 10.1.1.1:20000,10.1.1.2:20000,10.1.1.3:20000 –port 30000
–chunkSize 5 –logpath /home/mongodb/data/mongos.log –logappend –fork 
#mongs不需要dbpath

Configuring the Shard Cluster

连接到其中一个mongos进程,并切换到admin数据库做以下配置
1. 连接到mongs,并切换到admin
./mongo 10.1.1.1:30000/admin
>db
Admin
2. 加入shards

里shard是单台服务器,用>db.runCommand( { addshard :
“<serverhostname>[:<port>]” } )这样的命令加入,如果shard是replica
sets,用replicaSetName/<serverhostname>[:port]
[,serverhostname2[:port],…]这样的格式表示,例如本例执行:
>db.runCommand( { addshard : “shard1/10.1.1.1:27017,10.1.1.2:27017,10.1.1.3:27017″,name:”s1″,maxsize:20480} );
>db.runCommand( { addshard : “shard2/10.1.1.1:27018,10.1.1.2:27018,10.1.1.3:27018″,name:”s2″,maxsize:20480} );
注意:在添加第二个shard时,出现error:test database 已经存在的错误,这里用mongo命令连接到第二个replica set,用db.dropDatabase()命令把test数据库给删除然后就可加入

3. 可选参数
Name:用于指定每个shard的名字,不指定的话系统将自动分配
maxSize:指定各个shard可使用的最大磁盘空间,单位megabytes

4. Listing shards
>db.runCommand( { listshards : 1 } )
如果列出了以上二个你加的shards,表示shards已经配置成功

5. 激活数据库分片
命令:
> db.runCommand( { enablesharding : “<dbname>” } );

过执行以上命令,可以让数据库跨shard,如果不执行这步,数据库只会存放在一个shard,一旦激活数据库分片,数据库中不同的collection
将被存放在不同的shard上,但一个collection仍旧存放在同一个shard上,要使单个collection也分片,还需单独对
collection作些操作

Collecton分片

要使单个collection也分片存储,需要给collection指定一个分片key,通过以下命令操作:
> db.runCommand( { shardcollection : “<namespace>”,key : <shardkeypatternobject> });
注:
 a. 分片的collection系统会自动创建一个索引(也可用户提前创建好)
 b. 分片的collection只能有一个在分片key上的唯一索引,其它唯一索引不被允许
One
note: a sharded collection can have only one unique index, which must
exist on the shard key. No other unique indexes can exist on the
collection.

分片collection例子

>db.runCommand( { shardcollection : “test.c1″,key : {id: 1} } )
>for
(var i = 1; i <= 200003; i++)
db.c1.save({id:i,value1:”1234567890″,value2:”1234567890″,value3:”1234567890″,value4:”1234567890″});
> db.c1.stats()
{
        “sharded” : true,
        “ns” : “test.c1″,
        “count” : 200003,
        “size” : 25600384,
        “avgObjSize” : 128,
        “storageSize” : 44509696,
        “nindexes” : 2,
        “nchunks” : 15,
        “shards” : {
                “s1″ : {
                        “ns” : “test.c1″,
                        “count” : 141941,
                        “size” : 18168448,
                        “avgObjSize” : 128,
                        “storageSize” : 33327616,
                        “numExtents” : 8,
                        “nindexes” : 2,
                        “lastExtentSize” : 12079360,
                        “paddingFactor” : 1,
                        “flags” : 1,
                        “totalIndexSize” : 11157504,
                        “indexSizes” : {
                                “_id_” : 5898240,
                                “id_1″ : 5259264
                        },
                        “ok” : 1
                },
                “s2″ : {
                        “ns” : “test.c1″,
                        “count” : 58062,
                        “size” : 7431936,
                        “avgObjSize” : 128,
                        “storageSize” : 11182080,
                        “numExtents” : 6,
                        “nindexes” : 2,
                        “lastExtentSize” : 8388608,
                        “paddingFactor” : 1,
                        “flags” : 1,
                        “totalIndexSize” : 4579328,
                        “indexSizes” : {
                                “_id_” : 2416640,
                                “id_1″ : 2162688
                        },
                        “ok” : 1
                }
        },
        “ok” : 1
}

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