u-boot-2016.09 make编译过程分析(一)

https://blog.csdn.net/guyongqiangx/article/details/52565493

 

综述

u-boot自v2014.10版本开始引入KBuild系统,Makefile的管理和组织跟以前版本的代码有了很大的不同,其Makefile更加复杂。整个Makefile中,嵌套了很多其它不同用途的Makefile,各种目标和依赖也很多,make分析很容易陷进去,让人摸不着头脑。

u-boot的编译跟kernel编译一样,分两步执行:
- 第一步:配置,执行make xxx_defconfig进行各项配置,生成.config文件
- 第二部:编译,执行make进行编译,生成可执行的二进制文件u-boot.bin或u-boot.elf

上一篇博客《u-boot-2016.09 make配置过程分析》详尽解释了第一步的操作,在这一步中,u-boot执行配置命令make xxx_defconfig时先搜集所有默认的Kconfig配置,然后再用命令行指定的xxx_defconfig配置进行更新并输出到根目录的.config文件中。
本文着眼第二步,即配置完成后执行make命令生成二进制文件的过程,由于涉及的依赖和命令很多,也将make编译过程分析分为两部分,目标依赖和命令执行。

Makefile的核心是依赖和命令。对于每个目标,首先会检查依赖,如果依赖存在,则执行命令更新目标;如果依赖不存在,则会以依赖为目标,先生成依赖,待依赖生成后,再执行命令生成目标。
第一部分、目标依赖

现在来分析u-boot编译执行make命令的依赖关系。
目标依赖分析采用自顶向下方式,从顶层目标开始,逐次向下分解每一层依赖,直到不能分解位置。
1. 顶层目标依赖
a). _all和all对$(ALL-y)的依赖

从顶层Makefile开始查找,首先找到的是_all伪目标:

# That's our default target when none is given on the command line
PHONY := _all
_all:

紧接着会对_all伪目标添加all伪目标的依赖:

# If building an external module we do not care about the all: rule
# but instead _all depend on modules
PHONY += all
ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
_all: all
else
_all: modules
endif

all自身依赖于$(ALL-y)

all: $(ALL-y)

   
b). $(ALL-y)对u-boot目标文件的依赖

$(ALL-y)定义了最终需要生成所有文件:

# Always append ALL so that arch config.mk's can add custom ones
ALL-y += u-boot.srec u-boot.bin u-boot.sym System.map u-boot.cfg binary_size_check

ALL-$(CONFIG_ONENAND_U_BOOT) += u-boot-onenand.bin
ifeq ($(CONFIG_SPL_FSL_PBL),y)
ALL-$(CONFIG_RAMBOOT_PBL) += u-boot-with-spl-pbl.bin
else
ifneq ($(CONFIG_SECURE_BOOT), y)
# For Secure Boot The Image needs to be signed and Header must also
# be included. So The image has to be built explicitly
ALL-$(CONFIG_RAMBOOT_PBL) += u-boot.pbl
endif
endif
ALL-$(CONFIG_SPL) += spl/u-boot-spl.bin
ALL-$(CONFIG_SPL_FRAMEWORK) += u-boot.img
ALL-$(CONFIG_TPL) += tpl/u-boot-tpl.bin
ALL-$(CONFIG_OF_SEPARATE) += u-boot.dtb
ifeq ($(CONFIG_SPL_FRAMEWORK),y)
ALL-$(CONFIG_OF_SEPARATE) += u-boot-dtb.img
endif
ALL-$(CONFIG_OF_HOSTFILE) += u-boot.dtb
ifneq ($(CONFIG_SPL_TARGET),)
ALL-$(CONFIG_SPL) += $(CONFIG_SPL_TARGET:"%"=%)
endif
ALL-$(CONFIG_REMAKE_ELF) += u-boot.elf
ALL-$(CONFIG_EFI_APP) += u-boot-app.efi
ALL-$(CONFIG_EFI_STUB) += u-boot-payload.efi

ifneq ($(BUILD_ROM),)
ALL-$(CONFIG_X86_RESET_VECTOR) += u-boot.rom
endif

# enable combined SPL/u-boot/dtb rules for tegra
ifeq ($(CONFIG_TEGRA)$(CONFIG_SPL),yy)
ALL-y += u-boot-tegra.bin u-boot-nodtb-tegra.bin
ALL-$(CONFIG_OF_SEPARATE) += u-boot-dtb-tegra.bin
endif

 
以上的$(ALL-y)目标中看起来非常复杂,但除了第一行的通用目标外,其余目标都只在特殊条件下才生成,这里略去不提。只分析通用目标依赖:

ALL-y += u-boot.srec u-boot.bin u-boot.sym System.map u-boot.cfg binary_size_check

  
i. 依赖u-boot.srec

依赖u-boot.srec:

u-boot.hex u-boot.srec: u-boot FORCE
    $(call if_changed,objcopy)


ii. 依赖u-boot.bin

依赖u-boot.bin:

ifeq ($(CONFIG_OF_SEPARATE),y)
u-boot-dtb.bin: u-boot-nodtb.bin dts/dt.dtb FORCE
    $(call if_changed,cat)

u-boot.bin: u-boot-dtb.bin FORCE
    $(call if_changed,copy)
else
u-boot.bin: u-boot-nodtb.bin FORCE
    $(call if_changed,copy)
endif
 
如果打开了device tree支持,则有依赖关系:
u-boot.bin --> u-boot-dtb.bin --> u-boot-nodtb.bin + dts/dt.dtb
这里没有打开device tree支持,所以:
u-boot.bin --> u-boot-nodtb.bin

进一步,对于u-boot-nodtb.bin,其规则是:

u-boot-nodtb.bin: u-boot FORCE
    $(call if_changed,objcopy)
    $(call DO_STATIC_RELA,$<,$@,$(CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE))
    $(BOARD_SIZE_CHECK)


iii. 依赖u-boot.sym

依赖u-boot.sym:

u-boot.sym: u-boot FORCE
    $(call if_changed,sym)
   
iv. 依赖System.map

依赖System.map:

System.map: u-boot
        @$(call SYSTEM_MAP,$<) > $@

v. 依赖u-boot.cfg

依赖u-boot.cfg:

u-boot.cfg: include/config.h FORCE
    $(call if_changed,cpp_cfg)


vi. 依赖binary_size_check

依赖binary_size_check:

binary_size_check: u-boot-nodtb.bin FORCE
    @file_size=$(shell wc -c u-boot-nodtb.bin | awk '{print $$1}') ; \
    map_size=$(shell cat u-boot.map | \
        awk '/_image_copy_start/ {start = $$1} /_image_binary_end/ {end = $$1} END {if (start != "" && end != "") print "ibase=16; " toupper(end) " - " toupper(start)}' \
        | sed 's/0X//g' \
        | bc); \
    if [ "" != "$$map_size" ]; then \
        if test $$map_size -ne $$file_size; then \
            echo "u-boot.map shows a binary size of $$map_size" >&2 ; \
            echo "  but u-boot-nodtb.bin shows $$file_size" >&2 ; \
            exit 1; \
        fi \
    fi

 
显然对于binary_size_check有下列依赖关系:
binary_size_check --> u-boot-nodtb.bin --> u-boot
vii. $(ALL-y)依赖目标的共同点

以上通用目标$(ALL-y)的依赖有一个共同点,除了u-boot.cfg依赖于include/config.h外,其余目标全都依赖于u-boot(实际上除了依赖于u-boot外,还依赖于FORCE,由于FORCE依赖本身是一个空目标,为了方便,这里略去了对FORCE依赖的描述),如下:
u-boot顶层目标的依赖关系
2. u-boot文件目标依赖
a). 依赖u-boot

依赖u-boot:

u-boot: $(u-boot-init) $(u-boot-main) u-boot.lds FORCE
    $(call if_changed,u-boot__)
ifeq ($(CONFIG_KALLSYMS),y)
    $(call cmd,smap)
    $(call cmd,u-boot__) common/system_map.o
endif
 
其中$(u-boot-init)和$(u-boot-main)分别被定义为:

u-boot-init := $(head-y)
u-boot-main := $(libs-y)

 
i. 依赖$(head-y)

$(head-y)在arch/arm/Makefile被定义为:

head-y := arch/arm/cpu/$(CPU)/start.o

ii. 依赖$(libs-y)

在顶层Makefile中搜索一下$(libs-y),其被定义为各层驱动目录下build-in.o的集合:

ygu@ubuntu:/opt/work/u-boot/u-boot-2016.09$ grep -nw libs-y Makefile
629:libs-y += lib/
632:libs-y += fs/
633:libs-y += net/
634:libs-y += disk/
635:libs-y += drivers/
636:libs-y += drivers/dma/
637:libs-y += drivers/gpio/
638:libs-y += drivers/i2c/
639:libs-y += drivers/mmc/
640:libs-y += drivers/mtd/
642:libs-y += drivers/mtd/onenand/
644:libs-y += drivers/mtd/spi/
645:libs-y += drivers/net/
646:libs-y += drivers/net/phy/
647:libs-y += drivers/pci/
648:libs-y += drivers/power/ \
655:libs-y += drivers/spi/
659:libs-y += drivers/serial/
660:libs-y += drivers/usb/dwc3/
661:libs-y += drivers/usb/common/
662:libs-y += drivers/usb/emul/
663:libs-y += drivers/usb/eth/
664:libs-y += drivers/usb/gadget/
665:libs-y += drivers/usb/gadget/udc/
666:libs-y += drivers/usb/host/
667:libs-y += drivers/usb/musb/
668:libs-y += drivers/usb/musb-new/
669:libs-y += drivers/usb/phy/
670:libs-y += drivers/usb/ulpi/
671:libs-y += cmd/
672:libs-y += common/
675:libs-y += test/
676:libs-y += test/dm/
680:libs-y += $(if $(BOARDDIR),board/$(BOARDDIR)/)
682:libs-y := $(sort $(libs-y))
684:u-boot-dirs := $(patsubst %/,%,$(filter %/, $(libs-y))) tools examples
688:libs-y      := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, $(libs-y))
691:u-boot-main := $(libs-y)

 
第一行的搜索命令grep -nw libs-y Makefile参数:
- -n 表示搜索结果显示行号
- -w 表示仅搜索完成的单词
- Makefile 表示仅在当前目录的文件Makefile中搜索

以上搜索结果,从629~682的各个匹配行都是将驱动的各个目录包含进来,第688行上会在每个目录名称的后面添加build-in.o,例如libs-y中的mtd驱动目录drivers/mtd/会变成drivers/mtd/build-in.o,这样就仅相当于链接每个驱动目录下的build-in.o文件。
为什么只是每个目录下的build-in.o文件呢?答案是编译时将同一个目录下的多个*.o输出文件合并到一起生成一个build-in.o文件,后面会有另外的博客对此专门说明。
b). 依赖u-boot.lds

依赖u-boot.lds:

u-boot.lds: $(LDSCRIPT) prepare FORCE
    $(call if_changed_dep,cpp_lds)


其中$(LDSCRIPT)的定义如下:

# If board code explicitly specified LDSCRIPT or CONFIG_SYS_LDSCRIPT, use
# that (or fail if absent).  Otherwise, search for a linker script in a
# standard location.

ifndef LDSCRIPT
    #LDSCRIPT := $(srctree)/board/$(BOARDDIR)/u-boot.lds.debug
    ifdef CONFIG_SYS_LDSCRIPT
        # need to strip off double quotes
        LDSCRIPT := $(srctree)/$(CONFIG_SYS_LDSCRIPT:"%"=%)
    endif
endif

# If there is no specified link script, we look in a number of places for it
ifndef LDSCRIPT
    ifeq ($(wildcard $(LDSCRIPT)),)
        LDSCRIPT := $(srctree)/board/$(BOARDDIR)/u-boot.lds
    endif
    ifeq ($(wildcard $(LDSCRIPT)),)
        LDSCRIPT := $(srctree)/$(CPUDIR)/u-boot.lds
    endif
    ifeq ($(wildcard $(LDSCRIPT)),)
        LDSCRIPT := $(srctree)/arch/$(ARCH)/cpu/u-boot.lds
    endif
endif
 

如果没有定义LDSCRIPT和CONFIG_SYS_LDSCRIPT,则默认使用u-boot自带的lds文件。包括board/$(BOARDIDR)和$(CPUDIR)目录下定制的针对board或cpu的lds文件,如果没有定制的lds文件,则采用arch/$(ARCH)/cpu目录下默认的u-boot.lds
我们分析针对树莓派3代平台,其配置rpi_3_32b_defconfig没有对应任何特定的lds文件,所以使用默认文件arch/arm/cpu/u-boot.lds
依赖prepare

u-boot.lds的另一个依赖就是伪目标prepare。
u-boot文件目标依赖

u-boot文件目标的依赖总体起来就是这样:
u-boot文件的依赖关系
3. prepare系列目标依赖
a). prepare系列依赖的规则

实际上prepare是一系列prepare伪目标和动作的组合,完成编译前的准备工作:

# Things we need to do before we recursively start building the kernel
# or the modules are listed in "prepare".
# A multi level approach is used. prepareN is processed before prepareN-1.
# archprepare is used in arch Makefiles and when processed asm symlink,
# version.h and scripts_basic is processed / created.

# Listed in dependency order
PHONY += prepare archprepare prepare0 prepare1 prepare2 prepare3

# prepare3 is used to check if we are building in a separate output directory,
# and if so do:
# 1) Check that make has not been executed in the kernel src $(srctree)
prepare3: include/config/uboot.release
ifneq ($(KBUILD_SRC),)
    @$(kecho) '  Using $(srctree) as source for U-Boot'
    $(Q)if [ -f $(srctree)/.config -o -d $(srctree)/include/config ]; then \
        echo >&2 "  $(srctree) is not clean, please run 'make mrproper'"; \
        echo >&2 "  in the '$(srctree)' directory.";\
        /bin/false; \
    fi;
endif

# prepare2 creates a makefile if using a separate output directory
prepare2: prepare3 outputmakefile

prepare1: prepare2 $(version_h) $(timestamp_h) \
                   include/config/auto.conf
ifeq ($(wildcard $(LDSCRIPT)),)
    @echo >&2 "  Could not find linker script."
    @/bin/false
endif

archprepare: prepare1 scripts_basic

prepare0: archprepare FORCE
    $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=.

# All the preparing..
prepare: prepare0

 
伪目标prepare,prepare0,archprepare,prepare1,prepare2,prepare3之间的依赖如下:
<code>prepare</code>系列伪目标之间的依赖关系
b). prepare系列其他的依赖规则

在prepare1的依赖列表中,除了include/config/auto.conf外,还有$(version_h)和$(timestamp_h),他们的依赖分别为:

$(version_h): include/config/uboot.release FORCE
    $(call filechk,version.h)

$(timestamp_h): $(srctree)/Makefile FORCE
    $(call filechk,timestamp.h)


这里的两个filechk函数调用会动态生成version.h和timestamp.h。

对于最里层的prepare3的依赖include/config/uboot.release,还存在下一级依赖:

# Store (new) UBOOTRELEASE string in include/config/uboot.release
include/config/uboot.release: include/config/auto.conf FORCE
    $(call filechk,uboot.release)


对于include/config/auto.conf,Makefile中有一个匹配的规则:

# If .config is newer than include/config/auto.conf, someone tinkered
# with it and forgot to run make oldconfig.
# if auto.conf.cmd is missing then we are probably in a cleaned tree so
# we execute the config step to be sure to catch updated Kconfig files
include/config/%.conf: $(KCONFIG_CONFIG) include/config/auto.conf.cmd
    $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/Makefile silentoldconfig
    @# If the following part fails, include/config/auto.conf should be
    @# deleted so "make silentoldconfig" will be re-run on the next build.
    $(Q)$(MAKE) -f $(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.autoconf || \
        { rm -f include/config/auto.conf; false; }
    @# include/config.h has been updated after "make silentoldconfig".
    @# We need to touch include/config/auto.conf so it gets newer
    @# than include/config.h.
    @# Otherwise, 'make silentoldconfig' would be invoked twice.
    $(Q)touch include/config/auto.conf



所以include/config/auto.conf依赖于$(KCONFIG_CONFIG)和include/config/auto.conf.cmd。
- $(KCONFIG_CONFIG)实际上就是.config文件;
- include/config/auto.conf.cmd是由fixdep在编译时生成的依赖文件;
c). prepare系列伪目标完整的依赖关系

整个prepare部分的依赖关系如下:
整个<code>prepare</code>部分的依赖关系
4. 完整的目标依赖

将上面的依赖关系并到一起,就得到了一个完整的u-boot目标依赖图:
完整的目标依赖关系
(完整的关系图较大,可以将图片拖到浏览器的其他窗口看大图)

完成目标依赖分析后,剩下的就是基于完整的目标依赖关系图,从最底层的依赖开始,逐层运行命令生成目标,直到生成顶层目标。

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