前言

本文操作系统环境为Windows 10；
本文k8s环境为minikube v1.15.1（如何部署minikube请自行baidu）；
本文Docker环境版本为v19.03.13；
本文环境所用Namespace，使用得是k8s自带得kube-system；
本文环境为单节点部署，不涉及高可用场景；
本文假设minikube、kubectl两个基本命令已经可以正常使用。

部署

启动k8s
minikube start

拉去镜像

minikube ssh                              #ssh进入k8s环境
docker pull prom/node-exporter:latest     #下载node监控基础镜像
docker pull prom/prometheus:latest        #下载Prometheus基础镜像
docker pull grafana/grafana:latest        #下载grafana基础镜像
exit                                      #退出ssh连接环境

创建监控信息

1. 准备node-exporter.yaml文件

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: node-exporter
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: node-exporter
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: node-exporter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: node-exporter
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: prom/node-exporter
        name: node-exporter
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9100
          protocol: TCP
          name: http
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: node-exporter
  name: node-exporter
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 9100
    nodePort: 31672
    protocol: TCP
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    k8s-app: node-exporter

2. 执行创建命令

kubectl create -f node-exporter.yaml

3. 查看实际部署情况
   

部署Prometheus
rbac-setup.yaml

1. 配置文件

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: prometheus
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources:
  - nodes
  - nodes/proxy
  - services
  - endpoints
  - pods
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups:
  - extensions
  resources:
  - ingresses
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics"]
  verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: prometheus
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system

2. 执行脚本

kubectl create -f rbac-setup.yaml

configmap.yaml

1. 配置文件

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-config
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    global:
      scrape_interval:     15s
      evaluation_interval: 15s
    rule_files:
    - /etc/prometheus/rules.yml
    alerting:
      alertmanagers:
        - static_configs:
          - targets: ["alertmanager:9093"]
    scrape_configs:

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiservers'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
        action: keep
        regex: default;kubernetes;https

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-cadvisor'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
        action: replace
        target_label: __scheme__
        regex: (https?)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        target_label: __address__
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_name

    - job_name: 'kubernetes-services'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: service
      metrics_path: /probe
      params:
        module: [http_2xx]
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
        action: keep
        regex: true
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        target_label: kubernetes_name
        
    - job_name: 'kubernetes_node'
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      # 基于endpoint的服务发现，不再经过service代理层面
      - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
        regex: true;prometheus-node-exporter
        action: keep
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
        action: replace
        target_label: __scheme__
        regex: (https?)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        target_label: __address__
        regex: (.+)(?::\d+);(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
      # 去掉label name中的前缀__meta_kubernetes_service_label_
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      # 为了区分所属node,把instance 从node-exporter ep的实例，替换成ep所在node的ip
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_host_ip]
        regex: '(.*)'
        replacement: '${1}'
        target_label: instance

2. 执行脚本

kubectl create -f configmap.yaml

prometheus.deploy.yaml

1. 配置文件

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    name: prometheus-deployment
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: prometheus
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: prom/prometheus:latest
        name: prometheus
        command:
        - "/bin/prometheus"
        args:
        - "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
        - "--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus"
        - "--storage.tsdb.retention=24h"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9090
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: "/prometheus"
          name: data
        - mountPath: "/etc/prometheus"
          name: config-volume
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
          limits:
            cpu: 500m
            memory: 2500Mi
      serviceAccountName: prometheus    
      volumes:
      - name: data
        emptyDir: {}
      - name: config-volume
        configMap:
          name: prometheus-config  

2. 执行脚本

kubectl create -f prometheus.deploy.yml

prometheus.svc.yaml

1. 配置文件

---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: prometheus
  name: prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 9090
    targetPort: 9090
    nodePort: 30003
  selector:
    app: prometheus

2. 执行脚本

kubectl create -f prometheus.svc.yml

部署grafana
pv.yaml

1. 配置文件

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pvtest
  labels:
    name: pvtest
spec:
  nfs:
    path: /data/volumes/v1
    server: nfs
  accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]
  capacity:
    storage: 5Gi

2. 执行脚本

kubectl apply -f pv.yaml

pvc.yaml

1. 配置文件

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: pvctest
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany"]
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 4Gi

2. 执行脚本

kubectl apply -f pvc.yaml

grafana-deploy.yaml

1. 配置文件

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: grafana
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: grafana
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: grafana
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: grafana
    spec:
      volumes:
      - name: storage
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: pvctest
      securityContext:
        fsGroup: 472
        runAsUser: 472 
      containers:
      - name: grafana
        image: grafana/grafana:latest
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
          name: grafana
        env:
        - name: GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_USER
          value: admin
        - name: GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD
          value: admin321
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: "1Gi"
            cpu: "500m"
          requests:
            memory: "500Mi"
            cpu: "100m"
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /var/lib/grafana
          subPath: ""
          name: storage           

2. 执行脚本

kubectl create -f grafana-deploy.yaml

grafana-svc.yaml

1. 配置文件

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: grafana
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: grafana
    component: core
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 3000
    targetPort: 3000
    nodePort: 30004
  selector:
    app: grafana    

2. 执行脚本

kubectl create -f grafana-svc.yaml

环境验证

1. 查看Node节点IP
   

2. 查看Prometheus对外端口
   

3. 查看Grafana对外端口
   

4. 页面查看Prometheus
   
   

5. 页面查看Grafana(登录账号： admin/admin321)