day24 Pythonpython 面向对象设计 类

2024-02-29 18:55:22

将一些相同特征和动作的成为类，现有类才能创建对象，对象就是特征和动作的结合体

类：把一类事物的相同特征和动作整合到一起就是类。类是一个抽象概念

对象：就是基于类而创建的一个具的事物（具体存在的），也是特征和动作给的结合

类是用来描述 一类事物，类的对象指的是这一类书屋中的一个个个体，是事物就要有属性属性分为

1：数据属性：就是变量

2：函数属性：就是函数，在面向对象里通常称为方法

注意：：：类和对象均用点来访问自己的属性

class Chinese:

    '这是一个中国人'

    dang='共青团'

    def sui_di_tu_tan():

        print('正在吐')
#调用这个函数一定要加参数，只不过还没定义参数的意义

    def cha_dui(self):

        print('插到了前面')

#数据属性

print(Chinese.dang)

#函数属性

Chinese.sui_di_tu_tan()

print(dir(Chinese))

#查看类的属性字典

print('=========================================')

print(Chinese.__dict__)

print('=============================================')

print(Chinese.__dict__['dang'])

print('=========================================')

print(Chinese.cha_dui(1))

print('==============================')

Chinese.__dict__['sui_di_tu_tan']()

Chinese.__dict__['cha_dui']("you")

结果：

共青团

正在吐

['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'cha_dui', 'dang', 'sui_di_tu_tan']

=========================================

{'__module__': '__main__', '__doc__': '这是一个中国人', 'dang': '共青团', 'sui_di_tu_tan': <function Chinese.sui_di_tu_tan at 0x7f7d87a91158>, 'cha_dui': <function Chinese.cha_dui at 0x7f7d87a911e0>, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'Chinese' objects>}

=============================================

共青团

=========================================

插到了前面

None

==============================

正在吐

插到了前面

对象由类实例化而来，类实例化的结果称为一个实例或者称为一个对象

class Chinese:

    '这是一个中国人'

    dang='共青团'

    def sui_di_tu_tan():

        print('正在吐')

    def cha_dui(self):

        print('%s插到了前面' %self.名字)

    #初始化：__init__定制对象的属性,__init__会自动return所以要是自己加上return回报错

    def __init__(self,name,age,gender):

        print('初始化开始')

        print('-------------')

        print(self)#========>p1

        print('-------------')

        self.名字=name #p1.名字=name

        self.年龄=age #p1.年龄=age

        self.性别=gender #p1.性别=gender

        print('初始化结束')

        #class自动帮你return了

    def eat_foot(self,food):

        print('%s is eating %s' % (self.名字,food))

#实例化会出发__init__函数运行

p1 = Chinese('charon',12,'F')

print(p1.__dict__)

print(p1.名字)

#p1产生的字典由__init__产生，p1调用dang在__init__作用域没找到,就去外一层Chinese作用域找dang

print(p1.dang)

#print(Chinese.__dict__)

Chinese.sui_di_tu_tan()

Chinese.cha_dui(p1)

#p1.sui_di_tu_tan()

p1.cha_dui()

#与self内春地址相同

print(p1)

p1.eat_foot('shit')

print('=========================================')

p2 = Chinese('pluto',100,'F')

p2.eat_foot('apple')

结果：

China

Japan

{'name': 'charon'}

Japan

eventment

eventment

{'__module__': '__main__', 'country': 'Japan', '__init__': <function Chinese.__init__ at 0x7fc8ed2ff158>, 'paly_ball': <function Chinese.paly_ball at 0x7fc8ed2ff1e0>, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__doc__': None, 'dang': 'eventment'}

===================================================

{'__module__': '__main__', 'country': 'Japan', '__init__': <function Chinese.__init__ at 0x7fc8ed2ff158>, 'paly_ball': <function Chinese.paly_ball at 0x7fc8ed2ff1e0>, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__doc__': None}

类的增删改查

# -*- coding:utf8 -*-

class Chinese:

    country = 'China'

    def __init__(self,name):

        self.name=name

    def paly_ball(self,ball):

        print('%s in playing %s' % (self.name,ball))

#查看

print(Chinese.country)

#修改

Chinese.country = 'Japan'

print(Chinese.country)

#用这个类生成一个实例

p1 = Chinese('charon')

print(p1.__dict__)

print(p1.country)

#增加

Chinese.dang='eventment'

print(Chinese.dang)

print(p1.dang)

#删除

#del Chinese.dang

print(Chinese.__dict__)

print('===================================================')

del Chinese.dang

print(Chinese.__dict__)

结果：

China

Japan

{'name': 'charon'}

Japan

eventment

eventment

{'__module__': '__main__', 'country': 'Japan', '__init__': <function Chinese.__init__ at 0x7f29a1607158>, 'paly_ball': <function Chinese.paly_ball at 0x7f29a16071e0>, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__doc__': None, 'dang': 'eventment'}

===================================================

{'__module__': '__main__', 'country': 'Japan', '__init__': <function Chinese.__init__ at 0x7f29a1607158>, 'paly_ball': <function Chinese.paly_ball at 0x7f29a16071e0>, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__doc__': None}

实例属性增删改查

class Chinese:

    country='China'

    def __init__(self,name):

        self.name=name

    def paly_ball(self,ball):

        print('%s 正在打 %s' % (self.name,ball))

#生成一个实例

p1 = Chinese('charon')

#查看实例属性字典

print(p1.__dict__)

#查看实例属性

print(p1.name)

print(p1.paly_ball)

p1.paly_ball('football')

#增加实例属性

p1.age = 18

print(p1.__dict__)

print(p1.age)

#属性分为有函数属性跟数据属性

#实例只有数据属性，他的函数属性是调类的

#修改实例属性

p1.age=200

print(p1.__dict__)

print(p1.age)

#删除

del p1.age

print(p1.__dict__)

结果：

{'name': 'charon'}

charon

<bound method Chinese.paly_ball of <__main__.Chinese object at 0x7fafb2db8550>>

charon 正在打 football

{'name': 'charon', 'age': 18}

18

{'name': 'charon', 'age': 200}

200

{'name': 'charon'}

对象和实例属性

# class Chinese:

#     country='China'

#     def __init__(self,name):

#         self.name=name

#     def paly_ball(self,ball):

#         print('%s 正在打 %s' % (self.name,ball))

# p1=Chinese('charon')

# print(p1.country)

# p1.country='Japan'

# #print(p1.__dict__)

# #print(Chinese.__dict__)

# print(p1.country)

# print(Chinese.country)

# print('类的--->',Chinese.country)

# print('实例的--->',p1.country)

# class Chinese:

#     country = '中国'

#     def __init__(self,name):

#         self.name=name

#

#     def play_ball(self,ball):

#         print('%s 正在打 %s' %(self.name,ball))

# p1=Chinese('alex')

# print(p1.country)

country='中国－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－'

class Chinese:

    country='中国'

    def __init__(self,name):

        self.name=name

        #这个country是个变量，类是点加country

        print('--->',country)

    def play_ball(self,ball):

        print('%s 正在打 %s' %(self.name,ball))

#print(Chinese.__dict__)

#print(Chinese.country)

p1=Chinese('alex')

print(Chinese.country)

print(Chinese.__dict__)

结果：

---> 中国－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

中国

{'__module__': '__main__', 'country': '中国', '__init__': <function Chinese.__init__ at 0x7f298ab72158>, 'play_ball': <function Chinese.play_ball at 0x7f298ab721e0>, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'Chinese' objects>, '__doc__': None}

换个姿势搞你，就不信你不爽

class Chinese:

    country='China'

    l=['a','b']

    def __init__(self,name):

        self.name=name

        print(self.name)

    def play_ball(self,ball):

        print('%s 正在打 %s' %(self.name,ball))

p1=Chinese('charon')

# p1.l=['a','b','c']

# print(p1.l)

# print(Chinese.l)

# print(Chinese.__dict__)

print(p1.l)

p1.l.append('c')

print(p1.l)

print(p1.__dict__)

print(Chinese.l)

结果：

charon

['a', 'b']

['a', 'b', 'c']

{'name': 'charon'}

['a', 'b', 'c']
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