第一步
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/Matlab2020a.desktop
第二步，复制进去一下内容

Categories=Application;Development;
Comment=Matlab:科学计算的语言
Encoding=UTF-8
Exec=/usr/local/Polyspace/R2020a/bin/matlab -desktop -prefersoftwareopengl
Icon=/usr/local/Polyspace/R2020a/toolbox/shared/dastudio/resources/MatlabIcon.png
Name=MATLAB
StartupNotify=true
Terminal=false #在启动matlab时不启动终端
Type=Application

来源
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42618420/article/details/99736383