AB Test 压力测试工具使用整理

Apache Bench,是 Apache 自带的压力测试工具。a可以对服务器进行访问压力测试。
系统安装 Apache Server,自带 ab 命令。

1. 概念

  1. 吞吐率:服务器并发处理能力的量化描述,单位是reqs/s,指的是某个并发用户数下单位时间内处理的请求数。某个并发用户数下单位时间内能处理的最大请求数,称之为最大吞吐率。
  2. 并发连接数:某一时刻服务器所接受的请求数(会话数)。
  3. 并发用户数:某一时刻服务器所接受的连接数,一个用户可能同时产生多个连接。
  4. 用户平均请求等待时间:总请求数 / 并发用户数。
  5. 服务器平均请求等待时间:处理完成所有请求数所花费的时间 / 总请求数。

2. 命令

➜  ~ ab
ab: wrong number of arguments
Usage: ab [options] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path
Options are:
    # 本次测试所发的总请求数
    -n requests     Number of requests to perform
    # 
    -c concurrency  Number of multiple requests to make at a time
    -t timelimit    Seconds to max. to spend on benchmarking
                    This implies -n 50000
    -s timeout      Seconds to max. wait for each response
                    Default is 30 seconds
    -b windowsize   Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes
    -B address      Address to bind to when making outgoing connections
    -p postfile     File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T
    -u putfile      File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T
    -T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
                    'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
                    Default is 'text/plain'
    -v verbosity    How much troubleshooting info to print
    -w              Print out results in HTML tables
    -i              Use HEAD instead of GET
    -x attributes   String to insert as table attributes
    -y attributes   String to insert as tr attributes
    -z attributes   String to insert as td or th attributes
    -C attribute    Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)
    -H attribute    Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'
                    Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
    -A attribute    Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes
                    are a colon separated username and password.
    -P attribute    Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes
                    are a colon separated username and password.
    -X proxy:port   Proxyserver and port number to use
    -V              Print version number and exit
    -k              Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
    -d              Do not show percentiles served table.
    -S              Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
    -q              Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests
    -l              Accept variable document length (use this for dynamic pages)
    -g filename     Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
    -e filename     Output CSV file with percentages served
    -r              Don't exit on socket receive errors.
    -m method       Method name
    -h              Display usage information (this message)
    -I              Disable TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) extension
    -Z ciphersuite  Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)
    -f protocol     Specify SSL/TLS protocol
                    (TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2 or ALL)

3. 测试示例

3.1 基础访问测试

ab -n 1000 -c 10 http://cms.test.com/

测试结果如下

Server Software:
Server Hostname:        cms.kaleidoapp.cn
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /
Document Length:        2746 bytes

Concurrency Level:      10
Time taken for tests:   8.352 seconds
Complete requests:      1000
Failed requests:        0
Total transferred:      2981000 bytes
HTML transferred:       2746000 bytes
Requests per second:    119.74 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       83.517 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       8.352 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          348.57 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:       29   39  11.2     37     173
Processing:    33   43  12.0     42     190
Waiting:       32   43  12.0     41     189
Total:         62   82  17.8     79     226

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%     79
  66%     84
  75%     89
  80%     90
  90%     93
  95%     96
  98%    135
  99%    197
 100%    226 (longest request)

结果可以看出:

  1. 吞吐率:119.74
  2. 整个测试持续的时间:8.352s
  3. 完成的请求数:1000
  4. 失败的请求数:0
  5. 总的网络传输量:2981000 bytes
  6. HTML内容传输量:2746000 bytes
  7. 用户平均请求等待时间:83.517 ms
  8. 服务器平均请求处理时间:8.352 ms
  9. 平均每秒网络上的流量:348.57 kb

网络消耗时间分解

展示最小、平均、方差、中位值、最大值。

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:       29   39  11.2     37     173
Processing:    33   43  12.0     42     190
Waiting:       32   43  12.0     41     189
Total:         62   82  17.8     79     226

请求处理时间分布

可以看出,95% 的请求用时在 95ms 以内,最长请求时间为 226ms。

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%     79
  66%     84
  75%     89
  80%     90
  90%     93
  95%     96
  98%    135
  99%    197
 100%    226 (longest request)

3.2 接口请求

ab -n 1000 -c 10 -p 'list.json' -T 'application/json' -H 'Authorization: token' -s 10 http://api.test.com/app/v1/list

说明:

-p 代表的是入参的 json 文件,或是 text 的键值对
-T 代表 contentType
-H 代表的是 http header 信息
-s 代表的是超时时间,单位是秒,默认是 30s
上一篇:Map集合


下一篇:2021-07-12