今天接触了下pyUSB，事先没看对象内部成员资料，直接用python的dir函数看了看pyUSB的内部构成。突然间想到自己可不可以写个简单的脚本，利用dir或其他函数遍历某个对象内部的所有成员，并打印出来成树状图的形式？于是写了如下对象分析程序：
使用方法 ：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import AnalysisClass
m = AnalysisClass.AnalysisClass()
m.analysisObject(plt.Arrow, 'plt.Arrow', 'plt.txt', levelEnd=3)
调用analysisObject即可分析matplotlib的pyplot库内部的成员，并把所有成员函数、成员类以及各成员的__doc__前两行作为概述打印出来。上面的plt.Arrow是要分析的对象,’plt.Arrow’是要分析对象的名称字符串，’plt.txt’是用来保存分析结果的文件名，levelEnd用来指定递归的深度。
上面调用得到的结果：
省略若干行
代码概述：
程序核心很简单，就是递归地用dir()函数得到对象的所有成员，对于以下划线开头的内部成员不予处理，其他的如常量（一般全大写）、成员函数、成员类等的名字则保存起来，然后在以这些成员为对象递归地获取下一层的成员列表。
详细程序：
import types
class AnalysisClass:
def __init__(self):
self.level= 0
self.file = None
self.constNum=[]
self.funcNum = [] def _levelTreePrint(self, strs, isConst=False):
levelTab=self.level*4*' '
levelStrHead =[i for i in levelTab]
if self.level != 0:
# strs = str(self.funcNum[-1])+strs
for i in range(self.level):
if (not isConst) and self.funcNum[i] == 1:
continue
else:
levelStrHead[i*4+1] = '|'
levelStrHead[((self.level-1)*4+2):] = ['-','-']
levelStrHead = ''.join(levelStrHead)
levelStr = levelStrHead+strs
else:
levelStr = strs
print levelStr
if self.file != None:
self.file.writelines(levelStr+'\n') # def _isListOrTuple(self, cla):
# if type(cla)==types.ListType or type(cla)==types.TupleType:
# return True
# else:
# return False def _hasAvailableCla(self, cla):
mems = dir(cla)
constMem=[]
claOrFuncMem = []
constMaxLen = 0
funcMaxLen = 0
for i in mems:
lenI = len(i)
if i[0] == '_': # No inner function or inner constants
continue
if i.isupper():
if lenI>constMaxLen:
constMaxLen = lenI
constMem.append(i)
elif i[0:2]!='__' and i[-2:]!='__':# No buildin functions
if lenI>funcMaxLen:
funcMaxLen = lenI
claOrFuncMem.append(i)
return (constMem, constMaxLen, claOrFuncMem, funcMaxLen) def _printConstMem(self, cla, constMem, constMaxLen):
loc_var = locals()
for i in loc_var.iteritems():
if id(i[1]) == id(cla):
cla_loc_name = i[0]
for i in constMem:
tmp = eval(cla_loc_name+'.'+i)
i = i.ljust(constMaxLen+1, ' ')
# if type(tmp)==types.IntType:
# i = i+"(%d)"%tmp
# else:
# i = i+"(NOT AN INT NUMBER)"+str(type(tmp))
i = i + "(%s)"%str(tmp)
self._levelTreePrint(i, isConst=True)
self.constNum[-1] -= 1 def _printClaOrFuncMem(self,cla, cla_name, funcMaxLen, claOrFuncMem):
loc_var = locals()
for i in loc_var.iteritems():
if id(i[1]) == id(cla):
cla_loc_name = i[0]
for i in claOrFuncMem:
iMem = cla_loc_name+'.'+i
iMemReName = cla_name+'.'+i
try:
if None!=eval(iMem):
self._analysisClass(eval(iMem),iMemReName, maxClaNameLen = funcMaxLen)
self.level -= 1
else:
self._levelTreePrint(cla_name.split('.')[-1]+'.'+i+"--'Nothing'")
except Exception,e:
pass
self.funcNum[-1] -= 1 def _analysisClass(self, cla, cla_name, maxClaNameLen = 0):
if hasattr(cla, "__doc__"):
doc = str(cla.__doc__).split('\n')
if len(doc)>=2:
doc = doc[0]+doc[1]
else:
doc = doc[0]
else:
doc = ' ' if self.level!=0 and maxClaNameLen!=0:
sNameTmp = cla_name.split('.')
extraLen = len(sNameTmp[-2])
sName = sNameTmp[-2]+'.'+sNameTmp[-1]
cla_name_tmp = sName.ljust(extraLen+maxClaNameLen+1,' ')
else:
cla_name_tmp = cla_name self._levelTreePrint(cla_name_tmp+':'+str(type(cla))+3*'-'+"\""+doc+"\"")
self.level += 1
if self.level == self.levelEnd:
return
(constMem, constMaxLen, claOrFuncMem, funcMaxLen) = self._hasAvailableCla(cla)
if constMaxLen != 0:
self.constNum.append(len(constMem))
self._printConstMem(cla, constMem, constMaxLen)
self.constNum.pop()
if funcMaxLen != 0:
self.funcNum.append(len(claOrFuncMem))
self._printClaOrFuncMem(cla, cla_name, funcMaxLen, claOrFuncMem)
self.funcNum.pop()
else:
return #===========================================================================
# Analysis the stucture of 'obj'.This function will list out the members of the object as
# a tree.
# @param obj - object,can be class,module,package,etc
# @param obj_name - object name string,should be same to the actual name of 'obj'
# @param file_name - If you want to store the analysis info to a txt file,set this param
# of your file name
# @paramm levelEnd - set the recursion limits.The analysisObject function will recursively
# enum all the members of the 'obj',when the recursion depth equals levelEnd
# the function will stop automatically
#
# Using:
# import AnalysisClass
# import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# m = AnalysisClass.AnalysisClass()
# m.analysisObject(plt.Annotation, 'plt.Annotation', 'plt.txt', levelEnd=4)
# Written by Liu.2014-07-25
#===========================================================================
def analysisObject(self, obj, obj_name, file_name=None, levelEnd=3):
if file_name != None:
self.file = open(file_name, 'w')
self.levelEnd = levelEnd
self._analysisClass(obj, obj_name, levelEnd)
if self.file !=None:
self.file.close()