使用DatagramSocke和DatagramPacket实现简单的聊天室功能,具体如下:
- 使用DatagramSocke打开端口用来接收和发送数据
- 使用DatagramPacket对数据进行打包
- 实现Runnable接口启动一个接收线程和一个发送线程
- 使用UDP协议进行通讯
UDP协议通讯类似于发短信功能,无需握手连接,实现较为简单。
发送线程
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.*;
public class UdpSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public UdpSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) throws Exception {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true) {
try {
//读取控制台数据
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
//创建包
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
//发送包
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")){//取消发送条件
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}socket.close();
}
}
接收线程
public class UdpReceive implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int ownPort;
private String msgFrom;
public UdpReceive(int ownPort, String msgFrom) throws Exception {
this.ownPort = ownPort;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
socket = new DatagramSocket(ownPort);
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
//接受数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
byte[] data = packet.getData();
int len = packet.getLength();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, len);
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
学生端
public class student {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
new Thread(new UdpReceive(7777,"老师")).start();
new Thread(new UdpSend(8888,"localhost",9090)).start();
}
}
老师端
public class teacher {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
new Thread(new UdpReceive(9090,"学生")).start();
new Thread(new UdpSend(9999,"localhost",7777)).start();
}
}
遇到的Bug
在控制台显示数据包时,数据后面会跟许多空格:
经查找原因,发现是由于收到数据包转换为String类型时数据长度设置错误:
//错误示范
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
byte[] data = packet.getData();//获取数据包中的数据
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);//此处数据长度不可使用数组的长度
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
//正确代码
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
byte[] data = packet.getData();
int len = packet.getLength();//使用DatagramPacket的getLength()方法获取数据的长度。
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, len);//使用正确的长度参数即可避免错误。
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);