1.rman完全恢复的前提条件：历史的datafile,controlfile和spfile备份，加上完整的archivelog和完好的redolog。
2.rman备份脚本：
a.RMAN 0级备份命令:
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
allocate channel c3 type disk;
backup incremental level tag 'level0' format "E:\recovery_area\rfdb\rfdb\AUTOBACKUP\rman_dir\RFDB_level_0_%u_%s_%p" as compressed backupset
database;
sql "alter system archive log current";
backup filesperset format "E:\recovery_area\rfdb\rfdb\AUTOBACKUP\rman_dir\arch_%u_%s_%p_%c"
archivelog all delete input; #备份归档可选，可以单独定期备份
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
}
rman_level_0
b.RMAN 1级备份命令:
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
allocate channel c3 type disk;
backup incremental level tag 'level1' format 'E:\recovery_area\rfdb\rfdb\AUTOBACKUP\rman_dir\RFDB_level_1_%u_%s_%p' as compressed backupset
database;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup filesperset format 'E:\recovery_area\rfdb\rfdb\AUTOBACKUP\rman_dir\arch_%u_%s_%p'
archivelog all delete input; #备份归档可选，可以单独定期备份
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
}
rman_level_1
c.rman删除备份命令（在保留最近一天备份的情况下，删除其他备份）:
DELETE NOPROMPT OBSOLETE RECOVERY WINDOW OF DAYS;
d.操作系统层面运行rman备份或删除命令(windows/linux)：
rman target sys/rf4rfvbgt56yhn@rfdb nocatalog CMDFILE 'D:\app\rman\rman_file\level_0.txt' log=E:\recovery_area\rfdb\rfdb\AUTOBACKUP\rman_dir\log\rman_level_0.log
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2./db1
export ORACLE_SID=atest
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH rman target sys/@atest nocatalog CMDFILE '/u01/rman/rman.sh' log=/u01/rman/rman.log
* * bash /u01/rman_file/run_rman_0.sh * * bash /u01/rman_file/run_rman_0.sh * * bash /u01/rman_file/run_rman_0.sh * * * bash /u01/rman_file/run_delete.sh * * * bash /u01/rman_file/run_rman_0.sh
e.rman参数设置：
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
RMAN> CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK;
RMAN> CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE disk TO ;
RMAN> CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE disk TO ;
3.rman恢复
a.拷贝datafile,controlfile和spfile的rman备份，以及完整的archivelog和完好的redolog文件到新的数据库。
b.切换至oracle用户，进入rman（先设置sid）：
export ORACLE_SID=rfdb
rlwrap rman target /
c.启动一个伪实例：
RMAN> startup nomount connected to target database (not started)
startup failed: ORA-: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db1/dbs/initrfdb.ora' starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile
Oracle instance started Total System Global Area bytes Fixed Size bytes
Variable Size bytes
Database Buffers bytes
Redo Buffers bytes
d.在伪实例下恢复spfile文件（必须要指定rman的备份片）：
RMAN> restore spfile from "/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/autobackup/2015_12_07/o1_mf_s_897845728_c6bnq1rq_.bkp"; Starting restore at -DEC-
using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/autobackup/2015_12_07/o1_mf_s_897845728_c6bnq1rq_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at -DEC-
e.关闭伪实例，用spfile文件启动至nomount状态：
RMAN> shutdown abort Oracle instance shut down RMAN> startup nomount connected to target database (not started)
Oracle instance started Total System Global Area bytes Fixed Size bytes
Variable Size bytes
Database Buffers bytes
Redo Buffers bytes
f.恢复控制文件（必须要指定rman的备份片，备份片应该和spfile的恢复片是同一个）：
RMAN> restore controlfile from "/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/autobackup/2015_12_07/o1_mf_s_897845728_c6bnq1rq_.bkp"; Starting restore at -DEC-
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID= device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: ::
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/controlfile/o1_mf_c5fr9b0h_.ctl
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/controlfile/o1_mf_c5fr9b6n_.ctl
Finished restore at -DEC-
g.启动数据库至mount状态：
RMAN> alter database mount; database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
h.把拷贝到新机器的备份文件注册到（刚恢复的）控制文件中（redolog不能被注册，所以最后有报错，没有关系）：
RMAN> catalog start with "/u01/ora_bak"; Starting implicit crosscheck backup at -DEC-
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID= device type=DISK
Crosschecked objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at -DEC- Starting implicit crosscheck copy at -DEC-
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at -DEC- searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
cataloging done List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/backupset/2015_12_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151209T161546_c6hrslnq_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/autobackup/2015_12_09/o1_mf_s_898014415_c6hsghgm_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/autobackup/2015_12_09/o1_mf_s_898013812_c6hrvo18_.bkp searching for all files that match the pattern /u01/ora_bak List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/O1_MF_S_895896351_C4KSF2YN_.BKP
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_11_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_23_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_19_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_33_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_8_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_9_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_17_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_21_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_20_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_12_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_6_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_14_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_26_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_24_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_30_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_16_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_22_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_7_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_27_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_31_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_25_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_29_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_28_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_13_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_18_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_10_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_15_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_32_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/controlfile/o1_mf_c5fr9b6n_.ctl
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog_f/o1_mf_2_c5fr9h1f_.log
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog_f/o1_mf_3_c5fr9kfo_.log
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog_f/o1_mf_1_c5fr9ds4_.log
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c5fr9k9d_.log
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c5fr9gy5_.log
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c5fr9dmk_.log
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/backupset/2015_12_07/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151207T173421_c6bnnxsl_.bkp
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/autobackup/2015_12_07/o1_mf_s_897845728_c6bnq1rq_.bkp
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/O1_MF_S_895896118_C4KS5S1R_.BKP Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_11_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_23_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_19_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_33_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_8_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_9_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_17_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_21_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_20_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_12_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_6_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_14_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_26_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_24_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_30_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_16_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_22_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_7_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_27_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_31_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_25_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_29_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_28_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_13_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_18_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_10_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_15_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_32_896812716.dbf
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/backupset/2015_12_07/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151207T173421_c6bnnxsl_.bkp
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/autobackup/2015_12_07/o1_mf_s_897845728_c6bnq1rq_.bkp List of Files Which Where Not Cataloged
=======================================
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/O1_MF_S_895896351_C4KSF2YN_.BKP
RMAN-: Reason: Foreign database file DBID: Database Name: RFDB
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/controlfile/o1_mf_c5fr9b6n_.ctl
RMAN-: Reason: Error while cataloging. See alert.log.
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog_f/o1_mf_2_c5fr9h1f_.log
RMAN-: Reason: catalog is not supported for this file type
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog_f/o1_mf_3_c5fr9kfo_.log
RMAN-: Reason: catalog is not supported for this file type
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog_f/o1_mf_1_c5fr9ds4_.log
RMAN-: Reason: catalog is not supported for this file type
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c5fr9k9d_.log
RMAN-: Reason: catalog is not supported for this file type
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c5fr9gy5_.log
RMAN-: Reason: catalog is not supported for this file type
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c5fr9dmk_.log
RMAN-: Reason: catalog is not supported for this file type
File Name: /u01/ora_bak/O1_MF_S_895896118_C4KS5S1R_.BKP
RMAN-: Reason: Foreign database file DBID: Database Name: RFDB
i.开始restore数据文件：
RMAN> restore database; Starting restore at -DEC-
using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/datafile/o1_mf_system_c5fr6s3v_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_c5fr6s6d_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_c5fr6s7n_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/datafile/o1_mf_users_c5fr6s88_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/backupset/2015_12_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151209T161546_c6hrslnq_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/backupset/2015_12_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151209T161546_c6hrslnq_.bkp tag=TAG20151209T161546
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: ::
Finished restore at -DEC-
j.开始recover数据（在此之前，需要先拷贝redolog到控制文件默认的路径下）：
redolog默认路径：
SQL> select member from v$logfile; MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c5fr9k9d_.log
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c5fr9kfo_.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c5fr9gy5_.log
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c5fr9h1f_.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c5fr9dmk_.log
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c5fr9ds4_.log rows selected.
开始recover数据库：
RMAN> recover database; Starting recover at -DEC-
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID= device type=DISK starting media recovery archived log for thread with sequence is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_15_896812716.dbf
archived log for thread with sequence is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_16_896812716.dbf
archived log for thread with sequence is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_17_896812716.dbf
archived log for thread with sequence is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_18_896812716.dbf
archived log for thread with sequence is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_19_896812716.dbf
archived log for thread with sequence is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_20_896812716.dbf
archived log for thread with sequence is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_21_896812716.dbf
archived log for thread with sequence is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_22_896812716.dbf
archived log for thread with sequence is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_23_896812716.dbf
archived log for thread with sequence is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_24_896812716.dbf
archived log for thread with sequence is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_25_896812716.dbf
archived log for thread with sequence is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_26_896812716.dbf
archived log for thread with sequence is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_27_896812716.dbf
archived log for thread with sequence is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_28_896812716.dbf
archived log for thread with sequence is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_29_896812716.dbf
archived log for thread with sequence is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_30_896812716.dbf
archived log for thread with sequence is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_31_896812716.dbf
archived log for thread with sequence is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c5fr9gy5_.log
archived log for thread with sequence is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c5fr9k9d_.log
archived log for thread with sequence is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c5fr9dmk_.log
archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_15_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=
archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_16_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=
archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_17_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=
archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_18_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=
archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_19_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=
archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_20_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=
archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_21_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=
archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_22_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=
archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_23_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=
archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_24_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=
archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_25_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=
archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_26_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=
archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_27_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=
archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_28_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=
archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_29_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=
archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_30_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=
archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_31_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c5fr9gy5_.log thread= sequence=
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c5fr9k9d_.log thread= sequence=
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c5fr9dmk_.log thread= sequence=
media recovery complete, elapsed time: ::
Finished recover at -DEC-
k.以resetlogs打开数据库（在此之前，先删除原来的redolog，因为数据库会重新创建一组redolog）：
删除原来的redo：
rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/*
以resetlogs打开数据库：
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs; using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
database opened
至此，数据库恢复全部完成！
---恢复内容结束---