PCL点云库:ICP算法

  ICP(Iterative Closest Point迭代最近点)算法是一种点集对点集配准方法。在VTK、PCL、MRPT、MeshLab等C++库或软件中都有实现,可以参见*中的ICP Algorithm Implementations.

  ICP算法采用最小二乘估计计算变换矩阵,原理简单且具有较好的精度,但是由于采用了迭代计算,导致算法计算速度较慢,而且采用ICP进行配准计算时,其对待配准点云的初始位置有一定要求,若所选初始位置不合理,则会导致算法陷入局部最优。PCL点云库已经实现了多种点云配准算法:

  IterativeClosestPoint类提供了标准ICP算法的实现(The transformation is estimated based on SVD),算法迭代结束条件有如下几个:

  1. 最大迭代次数:Number of iterations has reached the maximum user imposed number of iterations (via setMaximumIterations)
  2. 两次变化矩阵之间的差值:The epsilon (difference) between the previous transformation and the current estimated transformation is smaller than an user imposed value (via setTransformationEpsilon)
  3. 均方误差(MSE):The sum of Euclidean squared errors is smaller than a user defined threshold (via setEuclideanFitnessEpsilon)

  基本用法如下:

IterativeClosestPoint<PointXYZ, PointXYZ> icp;
// Set the input source and target
icp.setInputCloud (cloud_source);
icp.setInputTarget (cloud_target);
// Set the max correspondence distance to 5cm (e.g., correspondences with higher distances will be ignored)
icp.setMaxCorrespondenceDistance (0.05);
// Set the maximum number of iterations (criterion 1)
icp.setMaximumIterations ();
// Set the transformation epsilon (criterion 2)
icp.setTransformationEpsilon (1e-);
// Set the euclidean distance difference epsilon (criterion 3)
icp.setEuclideanFitnessEpsilon ();
// Perform the alignment
icp.align (cloud_source_registered);
// Obtain the transformation that aligned cloud_source to cloud_source_registered
Eigen::Matrix4f transformation = icp.getFinalTransformation ();

  下面是一个完整的例子:

#include <iostream>
#include <pcl/io/pcd_io.h>
#include <pcl/point_types.h>
#include <pcl/registration/icp.h> int main (int argc, char** argv)
{
//Creates two pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ> boost shared pointers and initializes them
pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>::Ptr cloud_in (new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>);
pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>::Ptr cloud_out (new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>); // Fill in the CloudIn data
cloud_in->width = ;
cloud_in->height = ;
cloud_in->is_dense = false;
cloud_in->points.resize (cloud_in->width * cloud_in->height);
for (size_t i = ; i < cloud_in->points.size (); ++i)
{
cloud_in->points[i].x = * rand () / (RAND_MAX + 1.0f);
cloud_in->points[i].y = * rand () / (RAND_MAX + 1.0f);
cloud_in->points[i].z = * rand () / (RAND_MAX + 1.0f);
} *cloud_out = *cloud_in; //performs a simple rigid transform on the point cloud
for (size_t i = ; i < cloud_in->points.size (); ++i)
cloud_out->points[i].x = cloud_in->points[i].x + 1.5f; //creates an instance of an IterativeClosestPoint and gives it some useful information
pcl::IterativeClosestPoint<pcl::PointXYZ, pcl::PointXYZ> icp;
icp.setInputCloud(cloud_in);
icp.setInputTarget(cloud_out); //Creates a pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ> to which the IterativeClosestPoint can save the resultant cloud after applying the algorithm
pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ> Final; //Call the registration algorithm which estimates the transformation and returns the transformed source (input) as output.
icp.align(Final); //Return the state of convergence after the last align run.
//If the two PointClouds align correctly then icp.hasConverged() = 1 (true).
std::cout << "has converged: " << icp.hasConverged() <<std::endl; //Obtain the Euclidean fitness score (e.g., sum of squared distances from the source to the target)
std::cout << "score: " <<icp.getFitnessScore() << std::endl;
std::cout << "----------------------------------------------------------"<< std::endl; //Get the final transformation matrix estimated by the registration method.
std::cout << icp.getFinalTransformation() << std::endl; return ();
}

  结果如下,ICP算法计算出了正确的变换

PCL点云库:ICP算法

  在PCL官方的tutorial中还有个ICP算法交互的例子(Interactive Iterative Closest Point,网站上该例子的源代码编译时有一点问题需要修改...),该程序中按一次空格ICP迭代计算一次。可以看出,随着迭代进行,两块点云逐渐重合在一起。

PCL点云库:ICP算法

参考:

How to use iterative closest point

http://pointclouds.org/documentation/tutorials/iterative_closest_point.php#iterative-closest-point

Interactive Iterative Closest Point

http://pointclouds.org/documentation/tutorials/interactive_icp.php#interactive-icp

PCL之ICP算法实现

https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000005930422

PCL学习笔记二:Registration (ICP算法)

http://blog.csdn.net/u010696366/article/details/8941938

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