kvm虚拟机的克隆

2024-02-17 15:42:52

kvm虚拟机的克隆分为两种情况

(1) KVM主机本机虚拟机直接克隆。

(2) 通过复制配置文件与磁盘文件的虚拟机复制克隆(适用于异机的静态迁移)。

1. 本机虚拟机直接克隆

(1) 查看虚拟机配置文件

[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/oeltest01.xml

<!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
virsh edit oeltest01
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->
<domain type='kvm'>
<name>oeltest01</name>
<uuid>8f2bb4a7-c7ed-32aa-3676-9fb05923269d</uuid>
<memory unit='KiB'>524288</memory>
<currentMemory unit='KiB'>524288</currentMemory>
<vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu>
<os>
<type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.4.0'>hvm</type>
<boot dev='hd'/>
</os>
<features>
<acpi/>
<apic/>
<pae/>
</features>
<clock offset='utc'/>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>restart</on_crash>
<devices>
<emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/>
<source file='/data/test01.img'/>
<target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
<address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
</disk>
<disk type='block' device='cdrom'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/>
<readonly/>
<address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' target='0' unit='0'/>
</disk>
<controller type='usb' index='0'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x2'/>
</controller>
<controller type='ide' index='0'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
</controller>
<interface type='bridge'>
<mac address='52:54:00:82:39:01'/>
<source bridge='br0'/>
<model type='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
</interface>
<serial type='pty'>
<target port='0'/>
</serial>
<console type='pty'>
<target type='serial' port='0'/>
</console>
<input type='tablet' bus='usb'/>
<input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
<graphics type='vnc' port='5910' autoport='no' listen='0.0.0.0'>
<listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
</graphics>
<video>
<model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
</video>
<memballoon model='virtio'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
</memballoon>
</devices>
</domain>

虚拟机磁盘文件: /data/test01.img

虚拟机名称：oeltest01

(2) 开始克隆

# virt-clone -o oeltest01 -n oeltest02 -f /data/test02.img

说明：以oeltest01做为源，克隆oeltest01虚拟机，并创建名称为oeltest02虚拟机，使用磁盘文件/data/test02.img

(3) 启动虚拟机并配置主机名，IP地址等

[root@node1 data]# virsh console oeltest02

连接到域 oeltest02
Escape character is ^]
Found volume group "vg" using metadata type lvm2
2 logical volume(s) in volume group "vg" now active
Welcome to Oracle Linux Oracle Linux Server release 5.8
Press 'I' to enter interactive startup.
Starting udev: [  OK  ]
Loading default keymap (us): [  OK  ]
Setting hostname test01:  [  OK  ]
Setting up Logical Volume Management:   2 logical volume(s) in volume group "vg" now active
[  OK  ]
Checking filesystems
Checking all file systems.
[/sbin/fsck.ext3 (1) -- /] fsck.ext3 -a /dev/vg/root
/dev/vg/root: clean, 135384/1540096 files, 851398/1540096 blocks
[/sbin/fsck.ext3 (1) -- /boot] fsck.ext3 -a /dev/hda1
/boot: clean, 39/26104 files, 26897/104388 blocks
[  OK  ]
Remounting root filesystem in read-write mode:  [  OK  ]
Mounting local filesystems:  [  OK  ]
Enabling local filesystem quotas:  [  OK  ]
Enabling /etc/fstab swaps:  [  OK  ]
INIT: Entering runlevel: 5
Entering non-interactive startup
Applying Intel CPU microcode update: [  OK  ]
Starting background readahead: [  OK  ]
Checking for hardware changes [  OK  ]
[  OK  ] iSCSI daemon: [  OK  ]
[  OK  ]
Bringing up loopback interface:  [  OK  ]
Bringing up interface eth0:
Determining IP information for eth0... done.
[  OK  ]
Starting auditd: [  OK  ]
Starting system logger: [  OK  ]
Starting kernel logger: [  OK  ]
Starting irqbalance: [  OK  ]
iscsid (pid  1555) is running...
Setting up iSCSI targets: iscsiadm: No records found
[  OK  ]
Starting portmap: [  OK  ]
Starting NFS statd: [  OK  ]
Starting RPC idmapd: [  OK  ]
Starting system message bus: [  OK  ]
Starting o2cb:  [  OK  ]
[  OK  ] Bluetooth services:[  OK  ]
Mounting other filesystems:  [  OK  ]
Starting PC/SC smart card daemon (pcscd): [  OK  ]
Starting acpi daemon: [  OK  ]
Starting HAL daemon: [  OK  ]
Starting hidd: [  OK  ]
Starting monitoring for VG vg:   2 logical volume(s) in volume group "vg" monitored
[  OK  ]
Starting autofs:  Loading autofs4: [  OK  ]
Starting automount: [  OK  ]
[  OK  ]
Starting hpiod: [  OK  ]
Starting hpssd: [  OK  ]
Starting sshd: [  OK  ]
Starting cups: [  OK  ]
Starting xinetd: [  OK  ]
Starting console mouse services: [  OK  ]
Starting crond: [  OK  ]
Starting xfs: [  OK  ]
Starting anacron: [  OK  ]
[  OK  ] atd: [  OK  ]
Starting background readahead: [  OK  ]
Starting yum-updatesd: [  OK  ]
Starting Avahi daemon... [  OK  ]
Starting smartd: hdc: drive_cmd: status=0x41 { DriveReady Error }
hdc: drive_cmd: error=0x04 { AbortedCommand }
ide: failed opcode was: 0xec
[  OK  ]
Oracle Linux Server release 5.8
Kernel 2.6.18-308.el5 on an x86_64
test01 login: mtrr: type mismatch for f0000000,100000 old: uncachable new: write-combining
mtrr: type mismatch for f0000000,400000 old: uncachable new: write-combining
Oracle Linux Server release 5.8
Kernel 2.6.18-308.el5 on an x86_64
test01 login:
Oracle Linux Server release 5.8
Kernel 2.6.18-308.el5 on an x86_64
test01 login: root
Password:
Last login: Sat Sep  7 05:21:11 on ttyS0
[root@test01 ~]#
[root@test01 ~]#
[root@test01 ~]#

2. 复制配置文件与磁盘文件克隆

(1) 导入kvm虚拟机配置文件

这里采用oeltest01做为模板，进行克隆。

# virsh shutdown oeltest01

 # virsh dumpxml oeltest01 > /etc/libvirt/qemu/oeltest03.xml

(2) 复制kvm虚拟机磁盘文件

本系列文章都是采用虚拟磁盘文件进行测试，没有使用lvm卷。

通过查看配置文件：虚拟磁盘位置<source file='/data/test01.img'/>

(3) 直接编辑修改配置文件

修改name,uuid,disk位置,vnc端口

此时还是将该配置文件注册进来，无法通过virsh edit进行编辑。

[root@node1 data]# vi /etc/libvirt/qemu/oeltest03.xml

<domain type='kvm'>    
  <name>oeltest03</name>       
  <uuid>8f2bb4a7-c7ed-32aa-3676-9fb05923260d</uuid>
  <memory unit='KiB'>524288</memory>    
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>524288</currentMemory>    
  <vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu>    
  <os>    
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.4.0'>hvm</type>    
    <boot dev='hd'/>    
  </os>    
  <features>    
    <acpi/>    
    <apic/>    
    <pae/>    
  </features>    
  <clock offset='utc'/>    
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>    
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>    
  <on_crash>restart</on_crash>    
  <devices>    
    <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>    
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>    
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/>    
      <source file='/data/test03.img'/>
      <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>    
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>    
    </disk>    
    <disk type='block' device='cdrom'>    
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>    
      <target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/>    
      <readonly/>    
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' target='0' unit='0'/>    
    </disk>    
    <controller type='usb' index='0'>    
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x2'/>    
    </controller>    
    <controller type='ide' index='0'>    
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>    
    </controller>    
    <interface type='bridge'>    
      <mac address='52:54:00:82:39:01'/>    
      <source bridge='br0'/>    
      <model type='virtio'/>    
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>    
    </interface>    
    <serial type='pty'>    
      <target port='0'/>    
    </serial>    
    <console type='pty'>    
      <target type='serial' port='0'/>    
    </console>    
    <input type='tablet' bus='usb'/>    
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>    
    <graphics type='vnc' port='5911' autoport='no' listen='0.0.0.0'>
      <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>    
    </graphics>    
    <video>    
      <model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/>    
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>    
    </video>    
    <memballoon model='virtio'>    
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>    
    </memballoon>    
  </devices>    
</domain>

(4) 定义新虚拟机配置文件

[root@node1 data]# virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/oeltest03.xml

启动虚拟机

[root@node1 data]# virsh start oeltest03

(5) 登录虚拟机进行主机名，IP等修改

[root@node1 data]# virsh console oeltest03   
连接到域 oeltest03    
Escape character is ^] 

Oracle Linux Server release 5.8   
Kernel 2.6.18-308.el5 on an x86_64 

test01 login: mtrr: type mismatch for f0000000,100000 old: uncachable new: write-combining   
mtrr: type mismatch for f0000000,400000 old: uncachable new: write-combining 

Oracle Linux Server release 5.8   
Kernel 2.6.18-308.el5 on an x86_64 

test01 login: root   
Password:     
Last login: Sat Sep  7 05:21:11 on ttyS0 
[root@test01 ~]#    
[root@test01 ~]#

修改主机名

# vi /etc/hosts

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs    
# that require network functionality will fail.     
127.0.0.1 test03 localhost.localdomain localhost     
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6

# vi /etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes    
NETWORKING_IPV6=no     
HOSTNAME=test03 
GATEWAY=192.168.233.2

修改IP地址

# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-script/ifcfg-eth0

# Virtio Network Device    
DEVICE=eth0     
BOOTPROTO=static     
ONBOOT=yes     
HWADDR=52:54:00:56:bd:3b     
IPADDR=192.168.233.143     
NETMASK=255.255.255.0

service network restart

Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ]     
Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ]     
Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ]     
Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ]

本文克隆的虚拟机是oel5.8,如果克隆的虚拟机是RHEL/CentOS/OEL6.x操作系统，还需要修改/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules文件。

转自：https://blog.51cto.com/koumm/1291793

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